MJ Eco Tours specializes in unique Eco and Adventure experiences in
South Africa for those who love nature and the outdoors.
We have an amazing country that is just waiting to be explored, appreciated and enjoyed. We keep this in mind when planning your trips so that it is an experience you will never forget...taking you through some of teh most scenic parts of the Republic of South Africa.
More information on South Africa can be found below.
The people behind MJ Eco Tours are:
Numerous population groups with different languages, cultural backgrounds
and origins all coexist in South Africa. The bigger groups are Zulus (21 %),
Xhosas (17 %) and the Sotho (15%). Next are smaller minorities, such as the
Tswana, Venda, Ndebele, Swazi, Pedi and others. The province of Natal is home
to about one million Indians, whose forefathers came to South Africa to work
on the sugarcane plantations. And there are three million people of mixed
race, the so-called "coloureds", mainly living in the Cape region.
They are descendants of the first Dutch settlers and the native population of
the Cape (Khoikhoi) or the Malays, who were taken to South Africa as slaves
from East India in the 18th century. The "coloureds" have a cultural
heritage of their own.
The portion of the relatively prosperous white part of the South African population amounts to 8% (4 million) of the national population. Most of them derive from Dutch, German or French immigrants. They are called Afrikaners and speak Afrikaans, which is closely related to the Dutch language. The English speaking part of the white population is concentrated in the Western and Eastern Cape province and in Natal.
The apartheid regime over-emphasised the differences among the various ethnic groups, mainly between whites and non-whites, but also for example between Xhosas and Zulus, to turn them against each other rather than against the government. The policy of racial segregation served to guarantee the political and economic power of the white minority. To this day, South Africa has to deal with the consequences of this disastrous policy. A large part of the fast growing black majority lives in oppressive poverty. In the outer districts of the cities, spread vast miserable settlements of tin and carton shacks, lacking sufficient sanitation, electricity and water. Many of the residents are illiterate. The enormous poverty problem in South Africa is the major reason for the high crime rates.
South Africa is still far from the ideal of a multi-cultural society. There is still a deep trench going through the population. Black and white people lead largely separate lives with few points of contact.
Nevertheless, the society's democratisation is steadily progressing. A milestone on the way to a new national consciousness was the "Truth and Reconciliation Commission". It had a mandate to uncover the crimes of apartheid, let them be publicly confessed with the aim of forgiveness. The Commission was headed by Desmond Tutu, the highly esteemed former arch bishop of the Anglican Church in Cape Town and holder of the Nobel Peace Price. South Africa is, in respect of overcoming racism, in the spotlight of the world like no other country. The future of the state largely depends upon its ability to create equal opportunities for all people, so that the formerly disadvantaged population groups can have their share of the national wealth.
At the time of white settlement of the Cape, Xhosa groups were living far
inland, into the area between Bushman's River and the Kei River. Since around
1770, they had been confronted with the Trek Boers who approached from the
west. Both the Boers and the Xhosa were stock-farmers. The competition for
grazing land led first to quarrels between the two groups, and eventually
it came to a number of wars.
The politics of the colonial government attempted to enforce the separation of white and black settlement areas with the Fish River as the border. But the more the colony developed into a modern state with a strong military organization, the more the whites tended towards a policy of land annexing and the subjugation of the black population. In the middle of the 19th century, all the land formerly inhabited by Xhosa was in the hands of white settlers.
With the founding of the South African Union in 1910, the British colony
and the independent Boer Republics were united. A modern "democratic"
state was formed. in which only the white population could execute the right
to vote.
The black people were subjected to a policy of concealed expatriation. Through
the Native-Land Law of 1913, first 7.5 per cent, and later 13 per cent of the
land in South Africa was declared reservations for blacks. No white person
was allowed to purchase land there and, vice versa, no black was allowed to
buy land in the remaining 87 per cent of the territory of the Union. So the
foundation of the disastrous policy of Apartheid was laid. In the sixties, the
black settlement areas were declared autonomous Homelands. For the Xhosa
people these were the Homelands of Ciskei and Transkei. Only after the first
really free elections in South Africa in 1994 was the Homeland policy
abolished, after which the areas were integrated into the new provinces.
Towards the end of the 18th century, all over southern Africa small tribal
groups were amalgamating into larger communities. This was by no means a
peaceful process, but the result of protracted wars. The rise of the Zulu
Kingdom falls into this period. Through incredible atrocities and cruelties
the infamous Zulu warrior Shaka gained control over a number of Zulu clans.
He expanded his territory systematically. Shaka's warriors raided Zulu
villages and burnt them down. Women and children were gored to death; young
men were called up and chiefs tortured and forced into allegiance.
Shaka was the illegitimate son of the Zulu chief Senzangakhona and the young girl Nandi, a member of the Langeni clan. As a young man, Shaka joined the army of Dingiswayo and soon became its highest commander. With the support of Dingiswayo he gained supremacy over the Zulu clan, enforcing his claim against his opponents with the most ferocious brutality. Under Shaka the Zulu territory expanded phenomenally. All the clans had to subject themselves to the one leader. At the beginning of the 19th century, Shaka had created the most powerful kingdom in the whole of southern Africa. Towards the end of his reign, Shaka used his power even more destructively.
He chased his army from one battle to the next, and the cruelties against his enemies became more outrageous. Eventually Shaka was assassinated by his half-brother Dingane in 1828.
For southern Africa an irreversible process of restructuring came to an end
with Shaka's death. Thousands of people had become refugees, fights between
settlers and refugees broke out everywhere, and all these disturbances led to
regroupings. At the end of this period, the small and widespread chief-led
clans had disappeared and were replaced by bigger communities which had come
together merely for reasons of safety and self-defence.
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